12 angry men-1997 Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Section/# Group Roles and the Means of Decision Making in the Film â€Å"12 Angry Men† Although one might be tempted to understand the representations of decision-making in the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† is merely a plot device, the fact of the matter is that it is indicative for many of the flawed means by which individuals integrate with information and make decisions on a daily basis. As a function of seeking to determine these faulty decision-making mechanisms, the following analysis will seek to provide evidence of four biases and errors in decision-making. Secondly an analysis and discussion into the presence of groupthink, group shift, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, maintenance roles, and task roles will be defined and elaborated upon. It is hope of this author that such an analysis will be able to closely integrate with the reader a better understanding of decision-making processes in the means by which the aforementioned terms integrate with these decision-making processes within the scope of the movie. Firstly with regards to the four errors were biases in decision-making that are represented throughout the course of the film, these can be understood as indicated by the presence of racism, anger, stereotypes, and a faulty understanding of past action indicating future likelihood. We will write a custom essay sample on 12 angry men-1997 or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Naturally, stereotyping plays a major and defining role with regards to the means by which the jurors come to an understanding of guilt within the case in question. This stereotyping has been related later in this analysis due to the fact that it is influenced both by anger and racism which is been presented and discussed previously.

Operations Management Homework Chapter 3 Essay - 1333 Words

Homework 1 – GMGT 590 Q 3.5 | Step 1: Cut | Step 2: Put Grilled Stuff on Bagel | Step 3: Veggies on Bagel | Step 4: Cream Cheese | Step 5: Wrap | I | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | T | 3 min | 10 min | 5 min | 4 min | 2 min | R | 0.333333333 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | % | 100% | 16.67% | 77.78% | 22.20% | 100% | ADJ R | 0.333333333 | .5999 | 0.2571 | 1.126 | 0.5 | | | | | | | Total Bagel | 180 | 100.00% | | | | Grilled Veggie | 30 | 16.67% | | | | Veggie Only | 110 | 61.10% | (+ incoming grilled = 77.78%) | Cream Cheese | 40 | 22.20% | | | | Wrap | 180 | 100.00% | | | | A) Where in the process is the bottle neck? Step 3, Veggies on Bagel, is the bottleneck B) How many units can the†¦show more content†¦Time to complete = time through empty + (x-1)(cycle time) Time to complete = 270 sec/unit + (99)(1/(1/85)) = 8685 seconds or 145 minutes Part II 1 | 30 | Worker 1 | 2 | 25 | | 3 | 15 | | | 20 | Worker 2 | 5 | 15 | | 6 | 20 | | 7 | 50 | Worker 3 | 8 | 15 | Worker 4 | 9 | 20 | | 10 | 25 | Worker 5 | 11 | 15 | | 12 | 20 | | | Worker 1 | Worker 2 | Worker 3 | Worker 4 | Worker 5 | Processing Time | 70 sec | 55 sec | 50 sec | 35 sec | 60 sec | Capacity | 0.0143 | 0.0182 | 0.0200 | 0.0286 | 0.0167 | | 0.858 unit/min | 1.092 unit/min | 1.2 unit/min | 1.716 unit/min | 1.002 unit/min | Process Capacity | 0.858 unit/min | | | | | E) A 5th worker is hired. What is the capacity of the line now? 1/70 or 0.0143 unit per second (0.858 unit per minute) F) Tasks can now be performed in any order. What is the maximum capacity that can be achieved? 1/60 or 0.0167 unit/sec (1.002 unit/min) | Tasks | Time (s) | Worker 1 | 1, 2 | 55 | Worker 2 | 3, 4, 5 | 50 | Worker 3 | 7 | 50 | Worker 4 | 6, 8, 9 | 55 | Worker 5 | 10, 11, 12 | 60 | | Worker 1 | Worker 2 | Worker 3 | Worker 4 | Worker 5 | Processing Time | 55 sec | 50 sec | 50 sec | 55 sec | 60 sec | Capacity | 0.0182 | 0.0200 | 0.0200 | 0.0182 | 0.0167 | | 1.092 unit/min | 1.2 unit/min | 1.2 unit/min | 1.092 unit/min | 1.002 unit/min | Process Capacity | 1.002 unit/min | | | | | G) What is the minimumShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Mgmt1049 Words   |  5 PagesHomework Assignment Covering Chapters 1 thru 3 Part 1 – Environment of Human Resource Management Chapter #1: Human Resources Management in Organizations Case HR, Culture, and Business Results Success at Google, Scripps, and UPS Question : How does the integration of HR with the organizational culture contribute to the success of Google, Scripps, and UPS? 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Implications Of The Process For Registered Nurse †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Implications Of The Process For Registered Nurse. Answer: Older people have all the right to be treated with respect and dignity whether they are being cared for in home or aged care setting. However, elderly people living in residential setting are often vulnerable to risk for abuse and neglect. The elderly abuse may be seen in different forms such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, abandonment, passive neglect and exploitation and perpetrators of abuse may be either family members, health care or assisted living staffs and children. Health care workers may come in contact with elderly people who may disclose them about harm or experiences of abuse and in such case it would be necessary for the health care staffs to report about the issue in a legal and professional manner (Lachs and Pillemer 2015). This essay particularly discusses the legal and professional reporting that occurs post the disclosure of abuse or harm by elderly people. It also discusses the implications of the process for registered nurse and the delivery of nursing care. There are difference explanations for abuse in elderly people. It may take various forms such as physical, social, sexual, psychological abuse and neglect. For instance, physical abuse is inflicted by hitting, pushing or striking elderly people with any object. Secondly, elderly people are also vulnerable to psychosocial or verbal abuse where intention pain or distress is given to people in the form of humiliation or intimidation through verbal or non-verbal acts. In addition, the neglect of older person is seen when a care giver fail to carry out all obligations related to care of older person and come in the way of well-being of the person (Bond and Butler 2013). Hence, it can be said that elder abuse is multifaceted and a major public health issues and it has become paramount for health care worker to report about such issues to adults protective service. As nurses spend maximum time with elderly people, the compulsory reporting document by the Australian Nursing Midwifery Federa tion (ANMF) gave the position statement for nurse and assistants in nursing to compulsory report about abuse in age care setting (ANMF Position Statement 2017). According the Aged Care Act 2007, compulsory reporting is necessary in case of unlawful sexual contact and unreasonable use of force in elderly people living in age care home. Compulsory reporting is the response that nurses must take on identification of abuse in elderly people and the key action is taken in accordance with the organization policies and protocol present at particular aged care setting or nursing home. Another legal obligation is to make the person report about alleged abuse so that adequate investigation and action is taken to protect individuals. Another key responsibility of the reporting person is to ensure that the person is not victimized due to the reporting process (ANMF Position Statement 2017). Ensuring this is important because elderly abuse is always associated with psychological distress, hence it warrants more attention be given to affected person as the negative experience lead to depression, anxiety and loneliness (Dong 2015). The key implication of i dentifying and reporting about abuse in elderly person is that it will lead to improvement in education for health care professionals. This enable them to understand all the cultural and psychological nuance associated with abuse and improve the quality of care delivered to elderly people (Dong et al. 2013). There is no comprehensive legislation for adult prptection in Australia, however the Aged Care Act 1997 gives a framework for provision of elderly care. The requirement for health care staffs regarding the reporting about abuse in elderly people also given by the National Legal Response report of the Australian Law Reform Commission. To protect the elderly people, it mandates that care gives or other support staffs should be encourages to report about abuse to adult safeguarding agencies (Reporting abuse | ALRC 2017). However, as people disclosing about elder abuse resist doing so because of fear of breaching confidentiality laws or fear of reprisals from employers, the Public Guardian Act 2014 gives the mandates that head of an organization should be responsible for protecting whistleblower and ensure that they are not subjected to adverse consequences (Falk and Hoffman 2014). For health professionals like nurses and others staffs who have come to know about elder abuse in particular patient, they have variety of ways to report about the abuse. As per the mandatory reporting law, they can report about abuse to Adult Protective Services. There are also different protocols present in residential care centre or geriatric facility for report about abuse. However, the care giver or other professional must be aware about reporting elder abuse in a safe and efficient manner (Queensland Government 2017). Following is the stepwise procedure used to safely report about elder abuse: Documenting the signs when suspecting abuse: To report about abuse situations professionally, it is necessary that the reporting person must keep all documents to prove abuse in affected person. For this, proper assessment of the elderly person is required. For instance, they need to consider cognitive capacity, health and functional status of the person. Secondly, they need to preserve signs of abuse by taking photographs of injuries in patients. Changes in behavior of older adults might also be an indication of abuse cases (Rankine 2017). The most important and crucial think is getting written statement of patient related to experience of abuse as this legally important to prove suspicions and start legal actions against the perpetrator quickly (Piel 2015). In addition, identifying the type of relationship between the abuser and older adult to understand whether the client wish to protect the person or retain the relationship. On the basis of this information, safe and effective reporting process can be planned. Responding to elder abuse: The caregivers act of responding to abuse may differ by analyzing whether the situation is an emergency or not. If the situation is an emergency which may cause life threat to the person, the staff need to initiate emergency service without delay. In this situation, the main focus should be on protecting the evidence and not asking too much question from client. After taking adequate emergency action for patient, it will be necessary to debrief and document about incident in accordance with the agency protocol and policies (Rankine 2017). If there is no emergency situation during the identification of abuse, one necessary step by the health care staff will be to assess whether the client has capacity or impaired capacity. According to the Guardianship and Administration Act 2000, the capacity of the person is determined by checking the capability of the person for understanding effect of decision, voluntary decisions and communicating decisions (Barry and Sage-Jacobson 2015). Hence, if the client lacks capacity, then psychogeriatric assessment is required and after consultation with the Office of the Public Advocate, appropriate actions regarding safeguarding client may be taken (Cohen 2016). If there is serious issues, the caregiver can also propose shifting the client to alterative care unit. If a person has capacity, then counseling support may be given to them. They can also contact the Aged Rights Advocacy Service (ARAS) to discuss possible actions needed to address abuse in elderly adult (Rankine 2017). Taking decision regarding consent or no consent of client: It will be necessary for staff to document clients consent or no consent to contact police and take legal actions against the perpetrator of abuse. From a legal perspective, taking consent regarding appropriate action is necessary in accordance with peoples right to self-determination. In times emergency, the reporting person gets the liberty to contact police without clients consent, however in other situation taking consent is crucial for maintain good relationship with client (Falk and Hoffman 2014). There is a need to balance the organizational duty of care and clients right to self determinant to avoid conflicting situations. In case of no content situation, it is necessary to follow agency protocol and stay away from reporting process (Hoover and Polson 2014). However, duty of care needs to be implemented such as determining the possible intervention to protect the elderly people. Choices in abuse response: Based on the clients capacity and consent parameters, if it is confirmed that reporting and taking legal actions is necessary, there can be two options for client. Firstly, the reporting person may inform the client about the option of civil intervention or criminal intervention. In case of civil intervention, the case may be brought into the court and in case of criminal intervention, the police can intervene to take actions against the abuser and protect the person (Rankine 2017). Based on the severity of abuse, different actions can be imposed on the abuser. For instance, a protection order may be given by which conditions will be set against the action of the abuser. If the abuser is a close relative of elderly client, then the formal strategy will be to avoid reliance on the person for support and shifting the person to private aged care service. Informal support options may include encouraging client to take part in community activities to overcome the shock of abuse (Du Mont e t al. 2015). The process of responding and reporting about elder abuse cases also has many important implications for registered nurse. This is also comprehensively mandated in the compulsory reporting document for abuse in aged care setting. In the context of responding to elder abuse, registered nurse act as the frontline health care staffs for assessment of signs of abuse in elder people and providing preventive care and interventions to them. At the stage of documenting about abuse, they play a critical role in interview with patients and finding signs of unexplained injuries (Corbi et al. 2015). Secondly, after all the legal procedures related to reporting and documenting about abuse had been done, the nurse plays a role in empowerment of patients and addressing signs of depression in patient. Some elderly client experience social isolation due to abuse. In such situations, registered nurse acts as the main source for emotional support by speaking with them and counseling them. They also pla y a role in referring them to community related activities where they get the chance to interact in fun filled activities and removed the emotional scarring that has occurred due to experience of elder abuse (Friedman et al. 2015). As part of the duty of care and professional responsibility in nursing practices, nurses plays a major role in addressing health and psychological issues related to abuse in elderly people. They must have the skills of surveillance and constantly monitoring patients to ensure their safety. This is particularly important in case of aggressive patients. As there is high incidence of elderly maltreatment in long-term care facilities, the role of nurse in delivering safe care becomes necessary in such situation. The research by Rosen et al, (2016) states that continued illness in elderly people often leads to negative verbal and physical interaction and this becomes the reason for physical or psychological distress in elderly people. In an attempt to minimize maltreatment in long-term care facility, the nurses physical intervene to separate residents, calm the resident and emotionally supporting them to overcome the situation. However, there is still lack of competency in nursing staff r egarding the way to recognize, prevent and address elder abuse. Hence, this paper give the implication that nursing students must be better trained in identify signs and symptoms of elder abuse, finding legal and professional document for reporting about suspected abuse and neglect, improving communication skills related to talking with elder abuse victims and referring people to relevant community support group. The essay brought into the attention the need to protect the dignity of elderly people by means of legal and professional compulsion given to health care professional to mandatorily report about such case. The process employed by health care staffs to report about abuse gives the indication that different reporting protocols exist in organization and the reporting must comply with them while reporting about abuse. Secondly, safe and efficient reporting is dependent on proper documentation process and assessment of signs related to abuse. As the registered nurse plays a key role in promoting recovery of elder abuse patients, it is critical to increase their knowledge and awareness regarding preventing elder abuse. References ANMF Position Statement 2017.Compulsory reporting of abuse in aged care settings for nurses and assistants in nursing. [online] Available at: https://anf.org.au/documents/policies/PS_Compulsory_reporting.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Barry, L. and Sage-Jacobson, S., 2015. Human Rights, Older People and Decision Making in Australia. Bond, M.C. and Butler, K.H., 2013. Elder abuse and neglect: definitions, epidemiology, and approaches to emergency department screening.Clinics in geriatric medicine,29(1), pp.257-273. Cohen, C., 2016. 4.5 Psychosocial Aspects of Care in Geriatric Psychiatry.Geriatric Psychiatry Review and Exam Preparation Guide: A Case-Based Approach, p.364. Corbi, G., Grattagliano, I., Ivshina, E., Ferrara, N., Cipriano, A.S. and Campobasso, C.P., 2015. Elderly abuse: risk factors and nursing role.Internal and emergency medicine,10(3), pp.297-303. Dong, X., Chen, R., Chang, E.S. and Simon, M., 2013. Elder abuse and psychological well-being: A systematic review and implications for research and policy-A mini review.Gerontology,59(2), pp.132-142. Dong, X.Q., 2015. Elder abuse: systematic review and implications for practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(6), pp.1214-1238. Du Mont, J., Macdonald, S., Kosa, D., Elliot, S., Spencer, C. and Yaffe, M., 2015. Development of a comprehensive hospital-based elder abuse intervention: an initial systematic scoping review.PloS one,10(5), p.e0125105. Falk, E. and Hoffman, N., 2014. The role of capacity assessments in elder abuse investigations and guardianships.Clinics in geriatric medicine,30(4), pp.851-868. Falk, E. and Hoffman, N., 2014. The role of capacity assessments in elder abuse investigations and guardianships.Clinics in geriatric medicine,30(4), pp.851-868. Friedman, B., Santos, E.J., Liebel, D.V., Russ, A.J. and Conwell, Y., 2015. Longitudinal prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment among older adults receiving home visiting nursing.Journal of elder abuse neglect,27(1), pp.34-64. Hoover, R.M. and Polson, M., 2014. Detecting elder abuse and neglect: assessment and intervention.American family physician,89(6). Lachs, M.S. and Pillemer, K.A., 2015. Elder abuse.New England Journal of Medicine,373(20), pp.1947-1956. Piel, J., 2015. Expanding Slayer Statutes to Elder Abuse.Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online,43(3), pp.369-376. Queensland Government (2017).A Guide for Elder Abuse Protocols. [online] Available at: https://www.eapu.com.au/uploads/EAPU_general_resources/EA_Protocols_FEB_2012-EAPU.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Rankine, J. 2017.Protocol For Responding To Abuse Of Older People Living At Home In The Community. [online] Available at: https://www.sa.agedrights.asn.au/files/49_1095_aras_abuseprotocols_final3.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Reporting abuse | ALRC. 2017 Alrc.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/reporting-abuse [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Rosen, T., Lachs, M.S., Teresi, J., Eimicke, J., Van Haitsma, K. and Pillemer, K., 2016. Staff-reported strategies for prevention and management of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment in long-term care facilities.Journal of elder abuse neglect,28(1), pp.1-13.

Business Law Negligence of Modbury

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for Negligence of Modbury. Answer: Summary Modbury Triangle Shopping Centre Pty Ltd (Modbury) was the landlord of the shopping centre. Anzil was hired in a video shop which was rented in the shopping centre. The video shop faces the car parking area of the shopping centre. After closing of video shop on 18 July 1993, at 10.30 pm Anzil was attacked by unknown persons while going towards car which was parked in the parking area of the shopping centre. Anzil was severely injured. Anzil filed a case against Modbury for the damages caused due to the negligence of Modbury. The trial judge states- a) Modbury carry a reasonable duty of care and safety for its customer and tenants because of being landlord. b) Modbury infringes the duty of not putting on the lights of the parking area at the time Anzil left the store. c) Case was framed against Modbury because of direct connection between rescind of duty of due care of keeping the lights on and the incidence [1](Scott, 2010). Modbury made an appeal in High court against the trial judge statement about the existence of reasonable duty of care. Arguments The plaintiff claimed against Modbury in court for the harm caused to him. But, the court stated that the case was not about any harm cause due to the physical location of the car parking of shopping mall like banging of car because of absence of light. But the harm caused to plaintiff is because of the actions of the unknown person i.e. third party. The case is about the liability of the third party i.e. criminals who severely injured the plaintiff [2](Weinrib, 2012). The majority in court states that the duty of landlord of shopping centre as an occupier do not include taking preventive measures for plaintiff to stop the criminal actions. In order to find out the reasonable duty of care by defendant Proximity test is used. This test indicates the bodily proximity, situational proximity and casual proximity. Bodily proximity indicates the closeness in time and space in relation to plaintiffs property or himself. Situational proximity shows the relationship between both plaintiff and defendant. Casual proximity shows the nearness between the relationships [3](Cane, 2010). It is also argued by defendant that the proximity test indicates that the damage caused to the plaintiff was reasonably predictable or not, the relationship between both the parties i.e. plaintiff and defendant was close or not and whether to imply reasonable duty of care will be right or not. It is identified that the occupier of property does not carry a reasonable duty of care against the physical damage caused to plaintiff because of the unlawful activities conducted by the third party on the same property. It is also analysed that the occupier i.e. Modbury has no authority to restrict the activities of the criminals. The simple law is that one individual is not obliged to control the action of the other individual and neither can he be held liable for the action of the other individual. The reasonable duty of care of defendant does not include sensible steps so that the action of third party can be stopped [4](Hayward, 2013). The majority justified that the defendant cannot be held liable for the behaviour of third party on which the defendant had no authority. The court stated that that the actions of third party on the occupiers property are not covered under reasonable duty of care of defendant. But, in case of any relationship existence between the parties the liability of defendant extends to stop the unlawful actions of the third party. The court states that this case will be considered exceptional if the parties share a close bonding then the duty of reasonable care will be implied upon defendant in order to take preventive measures to stop the predictable risk of damage [5](Barnett and Harder, 2014). The duty of reasonable care implies if the defendant can control the harm caused to the plaintiff and if the plaintiff is reliant on the defendant. But, in this case the defendant argued that he cannot restrain the third party from unlawful activity as he was unaware of this activity. The unlawful activity carried out by the third party was not identifiable and hence the defendant cannot be held liable for the harm cause to the plaintiff in parking area of the shopping centre. The defendant cannot be held liable because the damage caused to the plaintiff is not directly related to the defendant but it directly related with the unlawful actions of the third party [6](Witting, 2015). The defendant has no liability against plaintiff and also defendant has no contribution towards plaintiff for the damage cause to him. The defendant held the exact position held by any other member of the society and shares no contribution towards the damages caused to the plaintiff in the parking area of the shopping centre. Imposing the liability on defendant would lead to move the crime of the third party in favour of defendant which is not justice [7](Latimer, 2012). It will also lead to shift of financial aid as a result of unlawful activity carried out by third party to the defendant who does not have any role behind the damage caused to the plaintiff. Decision Modbury as an defendant carry a reasonable duty of care towards the plaintiff, Anzil but the reasonable duty of care cannot be extended for carrying out corrective steps in order to stop the unlawful activity carried out by the unidentified individuals due to which plaintiff got harmed. In addition to this Modbury fails to keep the light on of the parking area of the shopping centre helps the third party in carrying out the unlawful activity. But, it is same as the decision taken by Anzil to park car over there. The direct relation of cause of injury is the criminal activity carried out by three unidentified individuals [8](Dyson et al., 2015). So, the court held that the Modbury cannot be held liable for the actions of the third party and do not carry any financial liability against plaintiff. References: Barnett, K., Harder, S. (2014).Remedies in Australian Private Law. UK: Cambridge University Press. Cane, P. (2010). Searching for United States Tort Law in the Antipodes.Pepp. L. Rev.,38, 257. Dyson, A., Goudkamp, J., Wilmot-Smith, F. (2015).Defences in Tort. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. Hayward, B. (2013). Tort, cinema and violent crime: An Australian perspective.Alternative LJ,38, 255. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law. Sydney: CCH Australia Limited. Pentony, B., Graw, S., Lennard, J., Parker, D. (2011).Understanding business law. UK: LexisNexis Butterworths. Scott, R. (2010). The Duty of Care Owed by Police to a Person at Risk of Suicide: Stuart v Kirkland-Veenstra [2009] HCA 15 (22 April 2009)(2009) 254 ALR 432; 83 ALJR 623, French CJ, Gummow, Hayne, Heydon, Crennan and Kiefel JJ.Psychiatry, Psychology and Law,17(1), 1-24. Weinrib, E. J. (2012).Corrective justice. USA: Oxford University Press. Witting, C. (2015).Street on Torts. , USA: Oxford University Press.

American National Park Service and Wildlife

The Organic Act signed on August 25, 1916, created a law that for the effective management of national parks. The law reads in part: â€Å"to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations† (United States National Park Service 10).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on American National Park Service and Wildlife specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A close reading of the law will reveal that the National Park Service and other outdoor management agencies have to focus on two key areas in park management. First of all, there is a need to preserve natural resources. Secondly, there is a need to provide means for people to recreate within the park. This mandate is easy to understand but at the same time it creates conflict in terms of ma naging the parks. It is therefore important to focus on conservation. If the parks are damaged beyond repair, then there is nothing that can be used for recreation. The Organic Act was signed in 1916 but it was not the first law in favor of conservation. On May 7, 1894, the U.S. Congress approved a piece of legislation that paved the way for the creation of the Yellowstone National Park. This law changed the way Americans view nature and wildlife. It was a landmark law made more interesting by the fact that 19th century America is not yet as urbanized as it is today. Therefore, the need for conservation, although an important endeavor, was not yet an urgent matter. There were still large tracts of land to explore and tame. At the same time there were fewer people back then. Furthermore, the industrialization of the United States was still at its early stage. There were only a few urban centers and pollution levels were low. When the law was signed, cars and airplanes were not yet po pular means of transportation. It is therefore important to point out the other reason why national parks were created in 1894. An evaluation of the events that led to the ratification of the 1894 law can help explain the two-tiered mandate that calls for conservation and recreation.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It will also help clarify the need to support the primary purpose of conservation and not recreation. It is interesting to find out that the 1894 law that led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park was a political act: The rise in attention to nature coincided with the search for identity and pride among American literati. When compared to Europe’s thousands of years of history, its fabric of ancient structures and sites, its rich cultural legacy built on many centuries of interchange, the United States appeared a rude, uncultured backwater †¦ Americans looked for elements in their own land to flaunt. In Yellowstone and Yosemite, Americans had what they needed (Dilsaver 7). The insight provided by these statement helps explain the true meaning of the Organic Act and the reason why it has to incorporate two conflicting statements regarding conservation and recreation. It is now easy to understand that national parks were never created solely for conservation purposes only. National parks were also established due to the need to show the world a facet of American identity. But if forced to choose between the two, conservation must be the top priority of the government. Conservation vs. Recreation The most important thing to consider is the conservation of the environment. A damaged environment takes years to rehabilitate. In the case of trees that are centuries old it may take several generations before authorities can bring it back to its natural beauty. The government and civic leaders have a moral responsibility to take care of the environment because the present generation is a mere steward of natural resources. They are not supposed to utilize, exploit, and consume natural resources without thinking of the future generation. They are also entitled to enjoy the natural beauty of national parks. It is the responsibility of the present generation to take care of the environment for the future generation of nature lovers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on American National Park Service and Wildlife specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, it is easy to understand why national parks do not exist for the sake of conservation alone. The name itself suggests that national parks must be accessed by people. If this is not the case then authorities should rename national parks and call it restricted areas. A desperate attempt to protect the environment from poachers and vandals can lead to laws that will prohibit the enjoyment of said national parks. This must not be permitted because restricted access to these parks means that this area no longer serves its purpose. It can be argued that conservation efforts can be greatly enhanced if people are taught to appreciate nature. They can only appreciate the beauty of nature if they are allowed access to national parks. Restricted access will result in an expensive government project. It cannot pay for itself and becomes a burden to society. The funds generate by the parks must be wisely used to strengthen conservation efforts. If the government closes the national parks then the funding will quickly dry up. It will become a project that is too expensive to sustain. At the same time there is no need to spend millions of dollars for their upkeep if people are not allowed to hike through the trails, take pictures, and observer the works of Mother Nature. It is therefore crucial to develop creative strategies to balance the need for conservation and recreation. R ecommendations The ideal solution is to temporarily shutdown national parks in order to protect it from the impact of human activity. The purpose is to elevate its status as a protected area and therefore keep it in a pristine state, untouched by the destructive forces of human intervention. But in the 21st century Americans and foreigners long for adventure. They clamor for ways to break the monotony of urban living. It is therefore impossible for the government to prevent eco-tourism in these areas. Nevertheless, it is important to take note of the following issues in order to develop strategies to balance conservation efforts with the need to showcase national parks. According to one report the following are some of the negative impacts of human intrusions in national parks: Animals are being killed by motorists and this includes elk, mule deer and wolves; Health issues for wildlife caused by humans included the risk of disease transference; Disturbance to animal hunting, feedin g or undertaking other routines making other sensitive species to forgo the use of critical habitat for nesting or foraging resulting in increased mortality or decline in health, fecundity and population levels; Other problems include poor waste management, food refuse and feeding of animals which can greatly affect the ecosystem of the park; and Indirect effects of tourism are seen through fires, vehicles damaging the soil, noise and construction of facilities which not only spoils the landscape but adds to the pollution (Newsome 26). Human intrusions must be minimized. It is important to study the impact of communities established near national parks and find out if there is a practical way to relocate them. The entry of vehicles in the area must be significantly reduced to the bare minimum.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The designated area where vehicles can park and facilities can be constructed must also be drastically reduced. But aside from minimizing direct human intrusion, it is also important to eliminate other factors that contribute to the rapid degradation of national parks. The problems mentioned above are the results of direct intrusions by humans. However, there are actions that create an indirect impact to the conservation of natural resources. A good example of indirect intrusion was the destruction of coyotes in Yellowstone National Park. There was a time when people feared the presence of coyotes in national parks (Lindenmayer Fischer 12). The coyotes were hunted down. The authorities were oblivious to the fact that they are upsetting the delicate ecological balance of the park (Prato Fagre 25). The recommendations made can greatly affect ecotourism. It is important to also consider the value of ecotourism even if there is a need to limit human intrusions. Although it is of cruci al important to intensify conservation efforts, it must be made clear that the Organic Act was a law that allows for conservation and recreation. It is also important to consider sustainability. These parks generate funds that can be used for their upkeep. According to one report, â€Å"Ecotourism generates as much as $20 billion in revenue each year† and a significant portion of that is generated in U.S. national parks (Newsome, 27). There is a need to improve management techniques and conservation strategies but it is also necessary to allow people to recreate within these parks. One strategy is to educate visitors so that they will do their best to limit activities that directly affect the natural environment. It is therefore important to share the burden and not simply depend on the actions of the U.S. National Park Service. Conclusion National parks are places that showcase the natural treasures of the United States. Thus, it is important to conserve these areas and at t he same time allow for recreational activities. There is a need to limit human intrusions but at the same time there is a need for open access to national parks. It is a difficult challenge for conservationists and managers of national parks. There is a need to carefully balance these two goals. Conservation efforts are enhanced if more people come to appreciate the beauty of national parks. They will not be able to know if they are not allowed to explore the mountains and streams. They will not be able to appreciate if they are not allowed to observe wildlife in their natural habitat. On the other hand unrestricted access can destroy the environment. It is difficult to accomplish both goals. However, the Organic Act of 1916 allows conservation efforts and recreational activities. Works Cited Dilsaver, Lary. America’s National Park System: The Critical Documents. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1994. Lindenmayer, David and Joern Fischer. Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change:  An Ecological and Conservation Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2006. Newsome, David. Wildlife Tourism. New York: Channelview Publications, 2005. Prato, Tony and Dan Fagre. National Parks and Protected Areas: Approaches  for Balancing Social, Economic and Ecological Values. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing Professional, 2005. U.S. National Park Service. Management Policies 2006. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. This essay on American National Park Service and Wildlife was written and submitted by user Aarav Gray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

East India Company - History of Britain

East India Company - History of Britain The East India Company was a private company which, after a long series of wars and diplomatic efforts, came to rule India in the 19th century. Chartered by Queen Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, the original company comprised a group of London merchants who hoped to trade for spices at islands in present day Indonesia. Ships of the companys first voyage sailed from England in February 1601. After a series of conflicts with Dutch and Portuguese traders active in the Spice Islands, the East India Company concentrated its efforts on trading on the Indian subcontinent. The East India Company Began to Focus on Importing From India In the early 1600s the East India Company began dealing with the Mogul rulers of India. On the Indian coasts, English traders set up outposts which would eventually become the cities of Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta. Numerous products, including silk, cotton, sugar, tea, and opium, began to be exported out of India. In return, English goods, including wool, silver, and other metals, were shipped to India. The company found itself having to hire its own armies to defend trading posts. And over time what began as a commercial enterprise also became a military and diplomatic organization. British Influence Spread Across India in the 1700s In the early 1700s the Mogul Empire was collapsing, and various invaders, including Persians and Afghans, entered India. But the major threat to British interests came from the French, who began seizing British trading posts. At the Battle of Plassey, in 1757, forces of the East India Company, though greatly outnumbered, defeated Indian forces backed by the French. The British, led by Robert Clive, had successfully checked the French incursions. And the company took possession of Bengal, an important region of northeastern India, which greatly increased the companys holdings. In the late 1700s, company officials became notorious for returning to England and showing off the enormous wealth they had accumulated while in India. They were referred to as nabobs, which was the English pronunciation of nawab, the word for a Mogul leader. Alarmed by reports of enormous corruption in India, the British government began to take some control over company affairs. The government began appointing the companys highest official, the governor-general. The first man to hold the governor-general position, Warren Hastings, was eventually impeached when members of Parliament became resentful at the economic excesses of the nabobs. The East India Company In the Early 1800s The successor to Hastings, Lord Cornwallis (who is remembered in America for having surrendered to George Washington during his military service in the American War of Independence) served as governor-general from 1786 to 1793. Cornwallis set a pattern which would be followed for years, instituting reforms and rooting out the corruption which allowed employees of the company to amass great personal fortunes. Richard Wellesley, who served as governor general in India from 1798 to 1805 was instrumental in extending the rule of the company in India. He ordered the invasion and acquisition of Mysore in 1799. And the first decades of the 19th century became an era of military successes and territorial acquisitions for the company. In 1833 the Government of India act enacted by Parliament actually ended the companys trading business, and the company essentially became the de facto government in India. In the late 1840s and 1850s the governor-general of India, Lord Dalhousie, began to utilize a policy known as the doctrine of lapse to acquire territory. The policy held that if an Indian ruler died without an heir, or was known to be incompetent, the British could take the territory. The British expanded their territory, and their income, by using the doctrine. But it was seen as illegitimate by the Indian population and led to discord. Religious Discord Led to the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny Throughout the 1830s and 1840s tensions increased between the company and the Indian population. In addition to acquisitions of land by the British causing widespread resentment, there were many problems centered on issues of religion. A number of Christian missionaries had been allowed into India by the East India Company. And the native population started to become convinced that the British intended to convert the entire Indian subcontinent to Christianity. In the late 1850s the introduction of a new type of cartridge for the Enfield rifle became a focal point. The cartridges were wrapped in paper which had been coated with grease, so as to make it easier to slide the cartridge down a rifle barrel. Among the native soldiers employed by the company, who were known as sepoys, rumors spread that the grease used in manufacturing the cartridges was derived from cows and pigs. As those animals were forbidden to Hindus and Muslims, there were even suspicions that the British purposely intended to undermine the religions of the Indian population. Outrage over the use of grease, and a refusal to use the new rifle cartridges, led to the bloody Sepoy Mutiny in the spring and summer of 1857. The outbreak of violence, which was also known as the Indian Revolt of 1857, effectively brought about the end of the East India Company. Following the uprising in India, the British government dissolved the company. Parliament passed the Government of India Act of 1858, which ended the companys role in India and declared that India would be governed by the British crown. The companys impressive headquarters in London, East India House, was torn down in 1861. In 1876 Queen Victoria would declare herself Empress of India. And the British would retain control of India until independence was achieved in the late 1940s.

Strategic Management Analysis assignement Assignment

Strategic Management Analysis assignement - Assignment Example Unique Resources / Capabilities 25 10.0 Sustainable Competitive Advantage 26 11.0 Summary of the Strengths and Weaknesses 27 Task C 28 12.0 Strategic Direction 28 12.1 Market Penetration 29 12.2 Product Development 29 12.3 Market Development 29 12.4 Diversification 30 13.0 Strategic Fit 30 14.0 Summary on Strategic Fit 33 References 34 1.0 Introduction The aim of the study has been to conduct a strategic analysis of an UK based airline company offering package holiday. Therefore, in this context, the company that has been chosen for the study is British Airways. British Airways is based in the UK and is the biggest scheduled airline that runs internationally (Scribd, 2009). It offers flight services of low fares for customers availing its holiday packages and carries the passengers to and from the centrally located airports. The company also offers holiday packages that consist of super value packages for hotels as well (The Telegraph, 2011). A person can enjoy both the flight facili ty as well as hotel facility and thus visit numerous destinations with British Airways which can save time as well as cost (British Airways, n.d.). Tour operators tend to put the numerous elements of the holidays and thus sell them as a package. The packages are sold either to the public directly or through travel agents. There are innumerable tour operators offering enormous ranges of the holidays as well as destinations (Holiday Bargains, n.d.). The term ‘package’ generally is defined as a set combination of two services at minimum. They must be offered at inclusive prices and must include components such as transports, accommodations or other services that are important for the tourists. The holiday market of the UK seems to be quite competitive and the industry tends to operate at quite low margins (BIS Department for Business Innovation & Skills, n.d.). The main rationale for choosing the company is that it is the leader in airline industry that offers both the fli ght as well as the holiday package services. The company chosen will assist in comprehending the trends of the airline company offering the package holiday in the UK. Task A 2.0 PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL analysis tends to classify the environmental components into political, socio cultural, economical, technological, environmental as well as legal. It assists in comprehending the main drivers leading to change as well as the external factors affecting an organization. Political Factors The political environment of the UK is quite stable. However, the terror attack had a major impact upon the package holiday industry of the UK. Such terror attacks led to tight security as well as strict immigration laws. The package holiday industry suffers in the long-term if such turmoil keeps on continuing. This tends to affect the perception of the tourists. In recent times, strikes called by the staffs of the British Airways had an impact upon its holiday business. In future, such scenario can occur which might have an impact