Language Use in Kaskus Essay Example for Free

Language Use in Kaskus Essay A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Computer-mediated communication refers to any form of communication enabled through the use of computers. In the computer-mediated communication literature, the term generally refers to communication modalities dependent on computer-based networks or meta-networks, particularly the Internet and commercial online services. Language plays an important role in the communication activities in the computer-mediated communication. The language itself is used by people as a communication tool. Specifically, as i mentioned above that computer mediated communication (CMC) is about anything(communication) that use computer as a media to transfer information, to talk with other persons, to discuss issues or something like that. While we know that on CMC, for right now internet with its world wide web (network) is the only tool and the only way to get connected with others, i don’t see any alternative beside internet. In internet there are many people with different language background, different social background and of course different culture and manners. What’s become my curiousity is how people with these so many differences talking and discussing to each others, how can they understand each others without being rude to others. But i’m not going to conduct a linguistic research of language use in the internet generally globally, because there has been a lot of research on this subject. But, what becomes my interest is how indonesian people with different social and culturul background talking and disccussing a topic in Kaskus, one of the biggest and largest online forum in Indonesia. Kaskus, with more than two millions users from all over indonesia is a populer online service to discuss and to sell products. Kaskus has an easy  peasy access, has a discussion thread about almost everything like computer, books, entertainment and many more. Kaskus user are from all over indonesia which have different culture and social background, in this case sometimes user doesn’t pay attention to the forum rules, nettiquette and sometimes being sarcastic, i’ve found this several time in kaskus. This case indicating that some of user do not know the nettiquete and language rules used in kaskus forum. So why i’m here try to observe and doing a research on how kaskuser (kaskus user) use the language, what style are used, and what kind of expressions in kaskus forum that is used to show respect, manners, and and self expressions like anger, happy etc. B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM From the title and the background of the study i formulate the research questions as follows : 1. What are the general forum rules applied in kaskus? 2. How far kaskuser pay attention to the forum rules in discussion thread? 3. What are the form of languages style used in kaskus? 4. What are the meaning of those language expressions/style? 5. Who use the language? The gender, the age. C. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This research is aimed to gather information about the language use in kaskus forum, especially how those language are used to express manner and ethical relations between the kaskuser. D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of this research is to bring a data to enrich the linguistic analysis in indonesia especially in computer-mediated communication subject. This research is also will be useful for those who use internet as a communcation tool generally and for kaskuser who love to join discussion in kaskus so they are will never again feel worried about being rude to others, bacause this research will bring them information how to use the language properly and how to communicate ethically to others E. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The research is limited only on the language use, the style and the way kaskuser interact with others, the researcher will not analysis where the language comes from and how the language changed. CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK A. INTERNET Internet, according to Merriam Webster Dictionaries is an electronic communication network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world. B. KASKUS Kaskus is an Indonesian internet forum site which claims itself as the largest Indonesian online community. It ranks as the top 10 most popular website in Indonesia (weasel words), positioning at 241 worldwide according to Alexa.com. It was established on November 6, 1999, by three Indonesian students (Andrew Darwis, Ronald Stephanus, and Budi Dharmawan) in the United States. In August 2012, Kaskus has more than 4,000,000 registered accounts and more than 650,000,000 total posts. In August 2005 and September 2006, PC Magazine Indonesia voted Kaskus as The Best Indonesian communities twice (2005 2006). Registration is required for new users to participate in the community, and every registered member has access to more than twenty regional and subject-related sub-forums. The community runs on the vBulletin forum software. C. NETTIQUETE Cyberspace contains many different cultures, which some writers have called virtual communities. Each of these communities has its own rules and customs. But many rules apply throughout almost all of cyberspace and the rules of internet is called nettiquete. Nettiquete comes from word Internet and Etiqutte. Virginia Shea Stated that The word etiquette means the forms required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be required in social or official life. Etymologically, it comes from the French word for ticket. If you know the etiquette for a particular group or society, you  have a ticket for entry into it. (Virginia Shea,1994) D. COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 1. Computer mediated communication (CMC) involves exchanges of information in textual, audio, and/or video formats that are transmitted and controlled by the use of computer and telecommunication technology. It must be noted that CMC is the basis of interpersonal interaction via groupware systems. An interesting definition of CMC is given by December (1997): Computer-Mediated Communication is a process of human communication via computers, involving people, situated in particular contexts, engaging in processes to shape media for a variety of purposes. 2. Chrispin Thurlow, laura lengel and Alice Tomic (2004) define Computer Mediated Communication into 3 cores : a. Communication While trying to ground CMC into a proper understanding we have to know what exactly is communication. * Communication is dynamic, One of the most well known ways of thinking about communication is the idea of a sender, a message and a receiver, in computer terms, might be regarded as an ‘information-processing’ perspective. Instead, communication is better understood as a process which is much more dynamic. The meaning of messages does not reside in words, but is much more fluid and dependent on the context, shifting constantly from place to place, from person to person, and from moment to moment. * Communication is transactional, Even though people still sometimes like to think of communication as the exchange of messages between senders and receivers, communication is really about the negotiation of meaning between people. Individuals are both speakers and listeners and these roles switch back and forth all the time in any one conversation. Once again, this also means that communication is constantly changing as two (or more) people interpret each other and are influenced by what the other says. In other words, it’s a transaction between them. Most theorists would agree that communication simply cannot happen outside human social interaction. It is really only when someone recognizes and/or responds to something you say or do that communication can be said to have occurred. * Communication is multifunctional, Consciously or unconsciously, communication serves many different functions and usually  serves more than one function at any given time. For example, communication may be used to influence people’s behavior or attitudes, to inform people, to seek information, to exert control over people, to befriend or seduce people, to entertain and please people, and so on. Although for the sake of analytical convenience, scholars do sometimes distinguish between the interactional (or relationship-focused) and informational (or content-focused) domains of communication, it’s usually impossible to separate the two. Think about famous chat-up lines like ‘Can I buy you a drink?’ or ‘Do you have the time?’ Although both appear to seek information, the intention is clearly relational! * Communication is multimodal, However important it may be, language is of course just one of many ways we have of communicating. Verbal messages always come packaged with other messages (or ‘metamessages’) formed by different ways of making meaning – what are usually called nonverbal modes of communication. In fact, more often than not it is these other modes of communication which are relied on more than the verbal mode. The best example of this is when someone is lying to us: ‘Look me in the eye and tell me you didn’t do it!’ The range of nonverbal codes is vast and accounts for much of the social information we glean: vocal (e.g. tone of voice, accent, volume, pauses), movement (e.g. facial expression, gestures, posture), physical appearance (e.g. height, weight, skin colour), artefacts (e.g. lighting, dà ©cor, fashion), and use of space (e.g. body orientation, touch, distance). b. Mediated Depending on how much we already know about human communication, we will more than likely know that all communication is mediated to some extent or other. According to Chambers’ Twenty-first Century Dictionary, the verb to mediate means to convey or transmit something or to act as a medium for something. In turn, a medium is something by which, or through which, an effect is produced. In other words, mediation is simply the process or means by which something is transmitted – whether it’s a message, a feeling, a sound, or a ghostly apparition! In the case of communication, we’ve already indicated that communication is always channelled by, and dependent on, its context for meaning. Communication is therefore mediated through our interactions with people and by means of any number of different verbal and nonverbal  modes. Communication can never exist in a vacuum.We will probably have heard about the phrase ‘channels of communication’. These can be social (or cultural), psychological (or mental), linguistic (or symbolic) or material (or technical). It’s in this way that scholars usually identify several layers of contextual variables which influence – or mediate – communication. Broadly speaking these fall into three main categories : psychological, e.g. our perceptions, mental maps, and prototypes; social, e.g. our relationships, stereotypes, and individual experiences; cultural, e.g. the myths and ideologies of whole societies of people. c. Computer Having confronted the relative complexity of the terms ‘communication’ and ‘mediated’, it may disappointing to know that even the term computer cannot be taken for granted. Almost everything nowadays involves computers in some way or other, and, consequently, almost everything we do is in some way or other mediated by computers. Think, for example, of the digital technology which drives our telephone exchanges, brings television channels into our homes, tells us the time, and so on. What’s more, with such things as video conferencing, webcams and voice recognition, technological changes are taking us nearer and nearer to the kind of face-to-face (or just FtF) communication we’ve been used to all along. It’s in this way that the computerization, which drives so many areas of our lives, is becoming more and more invisible. Indeed, Pixy Ferris (1997) previously proposed that CMC should also be broad enough to include office automation, â₠¬ ¢ (Chrispin Thurlow, laura lengel and Alice Tomic :2004) CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. RESEARCH APPROACH AND DESIGN The reseacher use qualitative discriptive aproach. Qualitative research refers to inductive, holistic, emic, subjective and process oriented methods used to understand, interpret, describe and develop theory on a phenomenon or a setting and is a systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning (Morse Field 1996:199; Burns Grove 1998:35). Brink and Wood (1998:335) cite Benoliel’s (1984) description of qualitative research â€Å"as modes of systematic inquiry concerned with understanding human beings and the nature of their transactions with themselves and with their surroundings†. Leininger (1985:5) defines qualitative research as the methods and techniques of observing, documenting, analysing, and interpreting attributes, patterns, characteristics and meanings of specific, contextual or gestalt features of a phenomenon. B. DATA COLLECTION 1. Data Source The data is mainly taken from discussion thread in kaskus, like discussion thread, results of observations etc. 2. Instrument of Collecting Data * Doing observations * Interview (By Chating and PM or Private Message) * Making a Poll or Voting * Taking screenshot/ image * Questionaire C. DATA ANALYSIS The data will be analyzed using Miles and Huberman Theories where there are 3 Steps in ana lyzing the data : 1. Data Reduction. The data that has been collected from observations, questionaire and interviews are selected and sorted. The data that can represents the theme of the research will be analyzed. 2. Data display The data will be displayed after getting a summarizing. In data display the data that have been reducted then will be compressed, organized without risking the loss of information. 3. Drawing and veryfying conclssion The reasons for reducing and displaying data are to assist in drawing conclussions. While drawing conclussions logically follows reduction and display of data, in fact it takes place more or less concurrently with them. Thus possible conclussions may be noted early in the analysis, but they may be vague and ill-formed at this stage. They are held tentative pending further work, and have been analysed. Conclussions will be in the form of  preposistions, and once they have been drawn, the data need to be verified. D. EXAMPLE OF DATA SAMPLE 1. Red Font Colour 2. The Using of Capital Letters 3. Kaskus emoticon 4. Kaskus Terms Like Agan, Bata, Cendol, Sundul REFERENCES * http://kaskus.co.id * Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE. Thousand Oaks. USA. * Thurlow, Crispin. Lengel, Laura. Tomic, Alice. 2004 Computer Mediated Communicatio (Social interaction and The Internet). SAGE. Thousand Oaks. USA. * Shea, Virginia. 2004. Netiqutte. Albions Books, USA

Isolation in Another Country :: Another Country

Isolation in Another Country Another Country is possibly the only novel of its time in which every character suffers from a feeling of isolation. All the main characters share in the feeling of isolation. Whether the character's isolation is a result of race, economic situation, or even sexual orientation, each character's life is affected. The feeling of isolation causes the characters to lose touch with reality. This isolation is evident in the story of Rufus. Rufus is a young black jazz musician who grew up in Harlem, a young Black man fighting " the system" to attain his dreams. Later in the novel, Rufus reveals his inner turmoil. Rufus feels isolated from society. He knows, yet is unable to accept, the racial barrier between himself and his only close friend, Vivaldo. Vivaldo is a true friend, but despite their friendship, Rufus has a constant feeling of resentment toward Vivaldo. Rufus is tormented by thoughts such as "No one dared look at Vivaldo, out with any girl whatever, the way they looked at me now;...This is because Vivaldo was white" (Baldwin 31). The racial isolation is compounded when Rufus breaks all family ties in order to sustain his interracial relationship. Knowing his family's open disapproval of interracial relationships, Rufus decides to leave his family and live with his girlfriend, Leona. Despite his deep love for Leona, her presence constantly reminds him of the barrier between them. She becomes, in his mind, a symbol of the society that oppressed him. She becomes a symbol of the things he could never obtain in life. As his life becomes consumed, he plunges into the depths of despair, committing horrendous crimes against his loved ones. Rufus refuses the help of his friends. He turns to life on the streets and eventually jumps off a bridge. Before Rufus's death, Baldwin narrates: His own loneliness, magnified so many million times, made the night air colder. He remembered to what excess, into what traps and nightmares, his loneliness had driven him; and he wondered where such a violent emptiness might drive an entire city. (60) Vivaldo, a close friend of Rufus, deals with his own form of isolation. A product of dysfunctional Brooklyn family, Vivaldo felt he was never loved; thus, he forces himself into loveless relationships. In these relationships he establishes a barrier between himself and his girlfriends. Vivaldo seems to be searching for love in all the wrong places--street corners and bars.

Designing a Rewards System Essay

When designing a rewards system within an organization there are several factors. First, look at the organization and focus on what matters most for that particular organization. Then focus in on the employees and what needs they have in particular. After breaking down the focus, you can move forward into creating a rewards system that not only fits but also everyone benefits from. † Reward management is concerned with the strategies, policies and processes required to ensure that the value of people and the contribution they make to achieving organizational, departmental and team goals is recognized and rewarded. It is about the design, implementation and maintenance of reward systems (interrelated reward processes, practices and procedures) that aim to satisfy the needs of both the organization and its stakeholders and to operate fairly, equitably and consistently. † (Armstrong, 2010) Look at the organization. What does the organization promote or goals it is working toward? Next, make sure the needs of the organization are being met. â€Å"Currently, many organisations are implementing or planning to implement, reward and/or recognition programmes believing that these will help bring about the desired cultural change. In some organisations, large amounts of money are being invested in these types of activities and some managers are required specifically to set aside a certain amount from their budgets for this purpose. † (Milne, 2007) If they are not met focus on creating a rewards system to include meeting the goals that at the moment are not being satisfied. Now to look at the employees and what they need. What will motivate them to perform better work? What is the age range within the organization so we can focus on what will better serve that population? After looking into the age check their work progress and see where there needs to be more and focus on setting up goals to get that area where it needs to be. â€Å"Recognizing employees for a job well done isn’t superfluous or magnanimous. It’s necessary. † (Zemke, 1988) â€Å"There was a study done with four groups that answered a questionnaire with twenty-five factors as to what would motivate them to work hard on their job. From the four groups only nine of the twenty-five factors were selected. The nine factors that were selected by these four groups are: 1. Respect for me as a person . Good Pay 3. Chance to turn out quality work 4. Chance for promotion 5. Opportunity to do interesting work 6. Feeling my job is important 7. Being told by my boss when I do a good job 8. Opportunity for self-development and improvement 9. Large amount of freedom on the job† (Kettner, 2002) All nine of these focus on how to build up the confidence of the employee and all owing them to know how well they are doing. Treating the employee like a person and not a machine is very important because it gives the employee a feeling of self and knowing it’s ok to be who you are as a person. This makes them comfortable to be there on the job. Providing good [ay is also very important because it shows the employee that you care and are rewarding them for their hard work while on the job. It also will make the employee want to stay with the organization because they do not need to go elsewhere. Giving the employee a chance to do the best quality work for the organization will give them a sense of pride in their job. If the employee knows that, there is a chance for them to be promoted through the organization they will work hard to be considered for promotion. Being able to do interesting work will keep the employee coming back because they are able to do different things which makes the job more interesting because they are not consistently performing the exact same job daily which will also make them feel that their job is important. Everyone loves being told good job! So as a boss, make sure you are informing your employees how well they are doing. Offer to the employee ways they can grow as people whether it is education or exercise. Giving them the opportunity for more development or just some improvement, they will be appreciative. Giving the employees freedom makes them more independent and lets them know that the organization trusts them to perform their job the way it is supposed to be done without someone standing over them constantly. After gathering this information, we can move forward with creating our own rewards system. First, we would create a chart showing the work and the progress being made. Then with that chart, incentives can be created for the employees to get to top of the list by making the most progress. In addition, incentives will be created for those that make the lowest amount of mistakes while performing their job function. This gives the employees some freedom to work hard on getting their performance up. Incentives will be in place for attendance also. Competitive pay will be based off performance and attendance. The better your performance is the better bonus and pay raise you will get. Your attendance will also affect your bonuses and pay raises. Keep your attendance up and consistent and you will be able to gain better pay bonuses. With bettering attendance and performance there will be opportunities for growth within the organization. The starting pay will be marginally based on experience and education. It will be fair and equitable to every employee. After setting up the chart with performance and attendance based incentives we can focus on creating a fair and free workplace for the employees. Set up the management center so they are accessible to the employees for guidance. The management system will also be in place for overviewing the employees from a distance without taking away from the employees ability to work as an individual. The management system will also be able to delegate tasks out to the employees that are performing at a faster or more effective rate. This will also allow the employees to be treated as individuals and not as a singular group. Next we would set up a system for growth and development that would include furthering your education and health needs. We work to offer help and assistance to other now we need to help and assist our employees. For education we will offer education breaks where you will be reimbursed for half of the amount spent on your college courses and supplies. This will allow the employee to re-enter school without fear of inability to pay. The stipulation will be that we will only reimburse as long as the course taken he employee completes and passes the course. The employee will be required to submit the final grade for the class and the receipt for the payment of the course and the supplies needed for the course. Next there will be a gym facility placed within the workplace that is available for the employees use before and after work and also during lunch or breaks. With offering the employee open use of a gym without having to pay will give them the help of not spending a lot of money on a gym membership that they may not be able to use regularly. It will also give them flexibility to use the gym whenever they want to without fear of it closing before they can get there to workout. With this rewards system in place every aspect of the employee and organizational needs are being met. The organization is running efficiently and effectively with each employee working hard to reach the incentive goals. The employees are working in an environment where they are comfortable and know they have every option available to them with movement and growth within the organization.

Ethical Dilemmas Of Organ Transplants - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1143 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? According to Shaw (2011), organ transfer raises several ethical and emotional issues, especially in discussions around anonymity protocol. They take something from one persons life to save anothers. Some different opinions have come about regarding organ transplants: if the patient is brain dead or they went through cardiac death, should the organs be available to a recipient who needs them to continue life? I believe that organ transplants are helpful and ethical; they have the potential to save lives. Utilitarian perspective proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness regardless of the consequences (Mill Shar, 2002). Regarding organ transplants, utilitarian perspective applies to a persons morals. Beneficence to me is an important piece to the utilitarian perspective. Beneficence is the promotion of happiness and good in the most people possible. As stated before, utilitarian perspective applies to a persons morals; beneficence is based on those morals too. Since utilitarianism is based on morals, it is good that it is illegal to sell organs in the United States; it would increase donation, encouraging people to donate their organs and potentially want to participate in physician assistant suicide (Giuliano, 1997). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Dilemmas Of Organ Transplants" essay for you Create order Deontology perspective defines actions as right or wrong (Kant, 1996). The main goal is to do what is best for the most people, no matter the belief or feeling behind the decision. Kants theory relates to organ transplant as human life as sacred and inviolable (Kant, 1996). He believes that one person cannot use another person to get better. The perspective I am taking on organ transplants is utilitarian perspective because of my personal morals. Taking organs from the recently deceased not only saves lives but it would save time and money for the doctors doing the transplantation. Utilitarian does not rely on wealth to favor an individual for organ transplants. Anyone, poor or rich, should get a same chance of life saving according to who comes first on the waiting list. As it was said before, organ transplantation has brought up many ethical dilemmas. These issues vary from biomedical and philosophical ethics to organ allocation and consent and coercion (Shaw, 2011). In most cases, people hear mostly about a patient that is willing to donate their organs when they become brain dead. The most popular organs that are transplanted are those most vital ones: heart, liver, and kidneys (Giuliano, 1997). That patient would have their organs distributed to potentially ten people and help live longer lives. The only downfall to cadaver donation is that the transplant must be done as soon as possible (Baille et al., 2018). The ethical dilemma in this example is the question of when is life officially over; is it when the soul reenters another life or when the soul enters eternal happiness (Baille et al., 2018)? Another non-ethical argument is if someone is desperate enough to get an organ transplant because their own organ failed, then what if the donors organ does not take in the recipients body? According to Joralemon and Cox (2003), many of those who die before receiving an organ might very well have died within several years even with a replacement organ. But, if someone is brain dead, and they gave their consent, they could leave their impact on someones or multiple peoples lives. According to IRB Advisor (2018), especially for research purposes, if the organ is manipulated, then informed consent has to be obtained from the recipient. But it is interesting to see why someone would argue saving others, though, especially if its a ?dying wish. In other more popular cases, people hear of the inter vivo transplants, meaning both the donor and the recipient are both still alive (Baille et al., 2018). This is the type of transplant that occurs when someone could use a new kidney, for example. Besides consent, the only way this seems ethical is be sure the donor is not seeking suicide. This type of transplant is ethical, in my opinion, because most of the time, it seems the donor is family or someone close to the recipient. Even if they were not close to each other, the donor would be saving a life. Yes, humans were born with two kidneys, but people can function with one unless they need a good one, for illness reasons, for example. On the other hand, inter vivo transplants could be perceived as unethical because, for example, an alcoholic needs a liver and they get one. Legally, health care workers must do the procedure, but ethically, they do not agree with the situation. From the recipients perspective, they are in a desperate situation, but they still need to decide if getting that transplant will do more good than harm (Baille et al., 2018). Quality of life needs to be taken into consideration for the recipient and their family. Recipients have trouble expressing gratitude and saying thank you to donors and donor families was hard for them to do, not only because anonymity protocol prohibits unmediated relations between donors, donor families, and recipients in the New Zealand context, but because physical factors make repaying ?the gift impossible (Shaw, 2011). Sadness, pain, and stress are expressed by close family and friends around someone who is actively dying. These emotions are shown during interviews with them when the subject of donating the patients organs comes up. During the interview, the health care worker clarifies what brain death is and explains the option of organ donation (Marujo Nunes et al., 2016). This is where the family decides to donate the organs or not and is essentially the most important part of the whole donation process (Marujo Nunes et al., 2016). Another purpose of the family interview is to provide emotional support to the family and friends through the difficult time. When working in the health field, workers need to use their legal advice, making sure that they do not use their ethical values to find a solution. For example, if two patients, one having alcoholism and the other had liver disease, were both waiting on a new donor liver to become available, they need to go with the patient that has been on the list the longest. Most would want to just give the organ to the patient with liver disease because that patient did not put themselves in that situation whereas the patient with alcoholism caused their liver to fail. According to Giuliano (1997), if a patient receives a kidney from a relative, they do not have to wait on the list for that organ. To recap, there are four principles aiding in ethical decision making that include: making sure that the benefits are greater than the risks, making sure the practice is not doing harm to the patient, respecting the patients independence, and lastly, justice (Mitzel Snyders, 2002). I believe that organ transplants are ethical and have the potential to save a lot of people. Behind all the ethical dilemmas, people just need to remember the good morals.

12 angry men-1997 Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Section/# Group Roles and the Means of Decision Making in the Film â€Å"12 Angry Men† Although one might be tempted to understand the representations of decision-making in the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† is merely a plot device, the fact of the matter is that it is indicative for many of the flawed means by which individuals integrate with information and make decisions on a daily basis. As a function of seeking to determine these faulty decision-making mechanisms, the following analysis will seek to provide evidence of four biases and errors in decision-making. Secondly an analysis and discussion into the presence of groupthink, group shift, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, maintenance roles, and task roles will be defined and elaborated upon. It is hope of this author that such an analysis will be able to closely integrate with the reader a better understanding of decision-making processes in the means by which the aforementioned terms integrate with these decision-making processes within the scope of the movie. Firstly with regards to the four errors were biases in decision-making that are represented throughout the course of the film, these can be understood as indicated by the presence of racism, anger, stereotypes, and a faulty understanding of past action indicating future likelihood. We will write a custom essay sample on 12 angry men-1997 or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Naturally, stereotyping plays a major and defining role with regards to the means by which the jurors come to an understanding of guilt within the case in question. This stereotyping has been related later in this analysis due to the fact that it is influenced both by anger and racism which is been presented and discussed previously.

Operations Management Homework Chapter 3 Essay - 1333 Words

Homework 1 – GMGT 590 Q 3.5 | Step 1: Cut | Step 2: Put Grilled Stuff on Bagel | Step 3: Veggies on Bagel | Step 4: Cream Cheese | Step 5: Wrap | I | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | T | 3 min | 10 min | 5 min | 4 min | 2 min | R | 0.333333333 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | % | 100% | 16.67% | 77.78% | 22.20% | 100% | ADJ R | 0.333333333 | .5999 | 0.2571 | 1.126 | 0.5 | | | | | | | Total Bagel | 180 | 100.00% | | | | Grilled Veggie | 30 | 16.67% | | | | Veggie Only | 110 | 61.10% | (+ incoming grilled = 77.78%) | Cream Cheese | 40 | 22.20% | | | | Wrap | 180 | 100.00% | | | | A) Where in the process is the bottle neck? Step 3, Veggies on Bagel, is the bottleneck B) How many units can the†¦show more content†¦Time to complete = time through empty + (x-1)(cycle time) Time to complete = 270 sec/unit + (99)(1/(1/85)) = 8685 seconds or 145 minutes Part II 1 | 30 | Worker 1 | 2 | 25 | | 3 | 15 | | | 20 | Worker 2 | 5 | 15 | | 6 | 20 | | 7 | 50 | Worker 3 | 8 | 15 | Worker 4 | 9 | 20 | | 10 | 25 | Worker 5 | 11 | 15 | | 12 | 20 | | | Worker 1 | Worker 2 | Worker 3 | Worker 4 | Worker 5 | Processing Time | 70 sec | 55 sec | 50 sec | 35 sec | 60 sec | Capacity | 0.0143 | 0.0182 | 0.0200 | 0.0286 | 0.0167 | | 0.858 unit/min | 1.092 unit/min | 1.2 unit/min | 1.716 unit/min | 1.002 unit/min | Process Capacity | 0.858 unit/min | | | | | E) A 5th worker is hired. What is the capacity of the line now? 1/70 or 0.0143 unit per second (0.858 unit per minute) F) Tasks can now be performed in any order. What is the maximum capacity that can be achieved? 1/60 or 0.0167 unit/sec (1.002 unit/min) | Tasks | Time (s) | Worker 1 | 1, 2 | 55 | Worker 2 | 3, 4, 5 | 50 | Worker 3 | 7 | 50 | Worker 4 | 6, 8, 9 | 55 | Worker 5 | 10, 11, 12 | 60 | | Worker 1 | Worker 2 | Worker 3 | Worker 4 | Worker 5 | Processing Time | 55 sec | 50 sec | 50 sec | 55 sec | 60 sec | Capacity | 0.0182 | 0.0200 | 0.0200 | 0.0182 | 0.0167 | | 1.092 unit/min | 1.2 unit/min | 1.2 unit/min | 1.092 unit/min | 1.002 unit/min | Process Capacity | 1.002 unit/min | | | | | G) What is the minimumShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Mgmt1049 Words   |  5 PagesHomework Assignment Covering Chapters 1 thru 3 Part 1 – Environment of Human Resource Management Chapter #1: Human Resources Management in Organizations Case HR, Culture, and Business Results Success at Google, Scripps, and UPS Question : How does the integration of HR with the organizational culture contribute to the success of Google, Scripps, and UPS? 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Implications Of The Process For Registered Nurse †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Implications Of The Process For Registered Nurse. Answer: Older people have all the right to be treated with respect and dignity whether they are being cared for in home or aged care setting. However, elderly people living in residential setting are often vulnerable to risk for abuse and neglect. The elderly abuse may be seen in different forms such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, abandonment, passive neglect and exploitation and perpetrators of abuse may be either family members, health care or assisted living staffs and children. Health care workers may come in contact with elderly people who may disclose them about harm or experiences of abuse and in such case it would be necessary for the health care staffs to report about the issue in a legal and professional manner (Lachs and Pillemer 2015). This essay particularly discusses the legal and professional reporting that occurs post the disclosure of abuse or harm by elderly people. It also discusses the implications of the process for registered nurse and the delivery of nursing care. There are difference explanations for abuse in elderly people. It may take various forms such as physical, social, sexual, psychological abuse and neglect. For instance, physical abuse is inflicted by hitting, pushing or striking elderly people with any object. Secondly, elderly people are also vulnerable to psychosocial or verbal abuse where intention pain or distress is given to people in the form of humiliation or intimidation through verbal or non-verbal acts. In addition, the neglect of older person is seen when a care giver fail to carry out all obligations related to care of older person and come in the way of well-being of the person (Bond and Butler 2013). Hence, it can be said that elder abuse is multifaceted and a major public health issues and it has become paramount for health care worker to report about such issues to adults protective service. As nurses spend maximum time with elderly people, the compulsory reporting document by the Australian Nursing Midwifery Federa tion (ANMF) gave the position statement for nurse and assistants in nursing to compulsory report about abuse in age care setting (ANMF Position Statement 2017). According the Aged Care Act 2007, compulsory reporting is necessary in case of unlawful sexual contact and unreasonable use of force in elderly people living in age care home. Compulsory reporting is the response that nurses must take on identification of abuse in elderly people and the key action is taken in accordance with the organization policies and protocol present at particular aged care setting or nursing home. Another legal obligation is to make the person report about alleged abuse so that adequate investigation and action is taken to protect individuals. Another key responsibility of the reporting person is to ensure that the person is not victimized due to the reporting process (ANMF Position Statement 2017). Ensuring this is important because elderly abuse is always associated with psychological distress, hence it warrants more attention be given to affected person as the negative experience lead to depression, anxiety and loneliness (Dong 2015). The key implication of i dentifying and reporting about abuse in elderly person is that it will lead to improvement in education for health care professionals. This enable them to understand all the cultural and psychological nuance associated with abuse and improve the quality of care delivered to elderly people (Dong et al. 2013). There is no comprehensive legislation for adult prptection in Australia, however the Aged Care Act 1997 gives a framework for provision of elderly care. The requirement for health care staffs regarding the reporting about abuse in elderly people also given by the National Legal Response report of the Australian Law Reform Commission. To protect the elderly people, it mandates that care gives or other support staffs should be encourages to report about abuse to adult safeguarding agencies (Reporting abuse | ALRC 2017). However, as people disclosing about elder abuse resist doing so because of fear of breaching confidentiality laws or fear of reprisals from employers, the Public Guardian Act 2014 gives the mandates that head of an organization should be responsible for protecting whistleblower and ensure that they are not subjected to adverse consequences (Falk and Hoffman 2014). For health professionals like nurses and others staffs who have come to know about elder abuse in particular patient, they have variety of ways to report about the abuse. As per the mandatory reporting law, they can report about abuse to Adult Protective Services. There are also different protocols present in residential care centre or geriatric facility for report about abuse. However, the care giver or other professional must be aware about reporting elder abuse in a safe and efficient manner (Queensland Government 2017). Following is the stepwise procedure used to safely report about elder abuse: Documenting the signs when suspecting abuse: To report about abuse situations professionally, it is necessary that the reporting person must keep all documents to prove abuse in affected person. For this, proper assessment of the elderly person is required. For instance, they need to consider cognitive capacity, health and functional status of the person. Secondly, they need to preserve signs of abuse by taking photographs of injuries in patients. Changes in behavior of older adults might also be an indication of abuse cases (Rankine 2017). The most important and crucial think is getting written statement of patient related to experience of abuse as this legally important to prove suspicions and start legal actions against the perpetrator quickly (Piel 2015). In addition, identifying the type of relationship between the abuser and older adult to understand whether the client wish to protect the person or retain the relationship. On the basis of this information, safe and effective reporting process can be planned. Responding to elder abuse: The caregivers act of responding to abuse may differ by analyzing whether the situation is an emergency or not. If the situation is an emergency which may cause life threat to the person, the staff need to initiate emergency service without delay. In this situation, the main focus should be on protecting the evidence and not asking too much question from client. After taking adequate emergency action for patient, it will be necessary to debrief and document about incident in accordance with the agency protocol and policies (Rankine 2017). If there is no emergency situation during the identification of abuse, one necessary step by the health care staff will be to assess whether the client has capacity or impaired capacity. According to the Guardianship and Administration Act 2000, the capacity of the person is determined by checking the capability of the person for understanding effect of decision, voluntary decisions and communicating decisions (Barry and Sage-Jacobson 2015). Hence, if the client lacks capacity, then psychogeriatric assessment is required and after consultation with the Office of the Public Advocate, appropriate actions regarding safeguarding client may be taken (Cohen 2016). If there is serious issues, the caregiver can also propose shifting the client to alterative care unit. If a person has capacity, then counseling support may be given to them. They can also contact the Aged Rights Advocacy Service (ARAS) to discuss possible actions needed to address abuse in elderly adult (Rankine 2017). Taking decision regarding consent or no consent of client: It will be necessary for staff to document clients consent or no consent to contact police and take legal actions against the perpetrator of abuse. From a legal perspective, taking consent regarding appropriate action is necessary in accordance with peoples right to self-determination. In times emergency, the reporting person gets the liberty to contact police without clients consent, however in other situation taking consent is crucial for maintain good relationship with client (Falk and Hoffman 2014). There is a need to balance the organizational duty of care and clients right to self determinant to avoid conflicting situations. In case of no content situation, it is necessary to follow agency protocol and stay away from reporting process (Hoover and Polson 2014). However, duty of care needs to be implemented such as determining the possible intervention to protect the elderly people. Choices in abuse response: Based on the clients capacity and consent parameters, if it is confirmed that reporting and taking legal actions is necessary, there can be two options for client. Firstly, the reporting person may inform the client about the option of civil intervention or criminal intervention. In case of civil intervention, the case may be brought into the court and in case of criminal intervention, the police can intervene to take actions against the abuser and protect the person (Rankine 2017). Based on the severity of abuse, different actions can be imposed on the abuser. For instance, a protection order may be given by which conditions will be set against the action of the abuser. If the abuser is a close relative of elderly client, then the formal strategy will be to avoid reliance on the person for support and shifting the person to private aged care service. Informal support options may include encouraging client to take part in community activities to overcome the shock of abuse (Du Mont e t al. 2015). The process of responding and reporting about elder abuse cases also has many important implications for registered nurse. This is also comprehensively mandated in the compulsory reporting document for abuse in aged care setting. In the context of responding to elder abuse, registered nurse act as the frontline health care staffs for assessment of signs of abuse in elder people and providing preventive care and interventions to them. At the stage of documenting about abuse, they play a critical role in interview with patients and finding signs of unexplained injuries (Corbi et al. 2015). Secondly, after all the legal procedures related to reporting and documenting about abuse had been done, the nurse plays a role in empowerment of patients and addressing signs of depression in patient. Some elderly client experience social isolation due to abuse. In such situations, registered nurse acts as the main source for emotional support by speaking with them and counseling them. They also pla y a role in referring them to community related activities where they get the chance to interact in fun filled activities and removed the emotional scarring that has occurred due to experience of elder abuse (Friedman et al. 2015). As part of the duty of care and professional responsibility in nursing practices, nurses plays a major role in addressing health and psychological issues related to abuse in elderly people. They must have the skills of surveillance and constantly monitoring patients to ensure their safety. This is particularly important in case of aggressive patients. As there is high incidence of elderly maltreatment in long-term care facilities, the role of nurse in delivering safe care becomes necessary in such situation. The research by Rosen et al, (2016) states that continued illness in elderly people often leads to negative verbal and physical interaction and this becomes the reason for physical or psychological distress in elderly people. In an attempt to minimize maltreatment in long-term care facility, the nurses physical intervene to separate residents, calm the resident and emotionally supporting them to overcome the situation. However, there is still lack of competency in nursing staff r egarding the way to recognize, prevent and address elder abuse. Hence, this paper give the implication that nursing students must be better trained in identify signs and symptoms of elder abuse, finding legal and professional document for reporting about suspected abuse and neglect, improving communication skills related to talking with elder abuse victims and referring people to relevant community support group. The essay brought into the attention the need to protect the dignity of elderly people by means of legal and professional compulsion given to health care professional to mandatorily report about such case. The process employed by health care staffs to report about abuse gives the indication that different reporting protocols exist in organization and the reporting must comply with them while reporting about abuse. Secondly, safe and efficient reporting is dependent on proper documentation process and assessment of signs related to abuse. As the registered nurse plays a key role in promoting recovery of elder abuse patients, it is critical to increase their knowledge and awareness regarding preventing elder abuse. References ANMF Position Statement 2017.Compulsory reporting of abuse in aged care settings for nurses and assistants in nursing. [online] Available at: https://anf.org.au/documents/policies/PS_Compulsory_reporting.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Barry, L. and Sage-Jacobson, S., 2015. Human Rights, Older People and Decision Making in Australia. Bond, M.C. and Butler, K.H., 2013. Elder abuse and neglect: definitions, epidemiology, and approaches to emergency department screening.Clinics in geriatric medicine,29(1), pp.257-273. Cohen, C., 2016. 4.5 Psychosocial Aspects of Care in Geriatric Psychiatry.Geriatric Psychiatry Review and Exam Preparation Guide: A Case-Based Approach, p.364. Corbi, G., Grattagliano, I., Ivshina, E., Ferrara, N., Cipriano, A.S. and Campobasso, C.P., 2015. Elderly abuse: risk factors and nursing role.Internal and emergency medicine,10(3), pp.297-303. Dong, X., Chen, R., Chang, E.S. and Simon, M., 2013. Elder abuse and psychological well-being: A systematic review and implications for research and policy-A mini review.Gerontology,59(2), pp.132-142. Dong, X.Q., 2015. Elder abuse: systematic review and implications for practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(6), pp.1214-1238. Du Mont, J., Macdonald, S., Kosa, D., Elliot, S., Spencer, C. and Yaffe, M., 2015. Development of a comprehensive hospital-based elder abuse intervention: an initial systematic scoping review.PloS one,10(5), p.e0125105. Falk, E. and Hoffman, N., 2014. The role of capacity assessments in elder abuse investigations and guardianships.Clinics in geriatric medicine,30(4), pp.851-868. Falk, E. and Hoffman, N., 2014. The role of capacity assessments in elder abuse investigations and guardianships.Clinics in geriatric medicine,30(4), pp.851-868. Friedman, B., Santos, E.J., Liebel, D.V., Russ, A.J. and Conwell, Y., 2015. Longitudinal prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment among older adults receiving home visiting nursing.Journal of elder abuse neglect,27(1), pp.34-64. Hoover, R.M. and Polson, M., 2014. Detecting elder abuse and neglect: assessment and intervention.American family physician,89(6). Lachs, M.S. and Pillemer, K.A., 2015. Elder abuse.New England Journal of Medicine,373(20), pp.1947-1956. Piel, J., 2015. Expanding Slayer Statutes to Elder Abuse.Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online,43(3), pp.369-376. Queensland Government (2017).A Guide for Elder Abuse Protocols. [online] Available at: https://www.eapu.com.au/uploads/EAPU_general_resources/EA_Protocols_FEB_2012-EAPU.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Rankine, J. 2017.Protocol For Responding To Abuse Of Older People Living At Home In The Community. [online] Available at: https://www.sa.agedrights.asn.au/files/49_1095_aras_abuseprotocols_final3.pdf [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Reporting abuse | ALRC. 2017 Alrc.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/reporting-abuse [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. Rosen, T., Lachs, M.S., Teresi, J., Eimicke, J., Van Haitsma, K. and Pillemer, K., 2016. Staff-reported strategies for prevention and management of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment in long-term care facilities.Journal of elder abuse neglect,28(1), pp.1-13.